Affecting 50% of people aged between 60 and 69 years, hypertension has an even higher prevalence after 70 years of age (4).Īdrenergic beta-blockers - A group of drugs widely used in the control of systemic hypertension, whose mechanism of action is not yet fully elucidated. Systemic hypertension - Systemic hypertension is one of the most frequent diseases and the most common among the cardiovascular diseases. The knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of drugs will be useful in determining the likelihood of adverse effects on sleep or wakefulness (3). Any drug with activity in the central nervous system has the potential to affect this cycle. The regulation of the sleep-wake cycle is complex and involves multiple neuronal sites and neurotransmitters. For drugs without such potential, we will only cite them as not possessing either property at the end, we will describe some other drugs that have similar potential but are used for less prevalent chronic diseases. We will describe the drugs that are not intentionally used due to their effects on sleep, grouping them according to the diseases for which they are recommended, and we will describe their potential to induce sleepiness or insomnia in more detail. Among the more prevalent chronic diseases across the world are cardiovascular diseases (systemic hypertension, congestive heart failure, and coronary insufficiency), diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, arthritis, depression, and cerebrovascular accident (2). It is estimated that 25% of the population of North America presents more than one chronic disease (1). Doctors often treat patients with multiple comorbidities. In this update, we focus on the potential for sedation or insomnia of drugs used in the most common chronic diseases worldwide. The doctor’s task is more complex as more comorbid conditions are found in these patients, which makes patient evaluation more difficult and intriguing. Quite often, patients present more than one disease and therefore take various medications. One of the major challenges faced by doctors practicing sleep medicine in private practices and public outpatient care is the recognition of the potential of certain drugs to cause sedation or, conversely, insomnia. Neste artigo, descrevemos o potencial sedativo ou em gerar insônia dos medicamentos utilizados nas principais doenças crônicas na população mundial.ĭistúrbios do sono, drogas, hipersonia, sedação consciente, sono. O conhecimento sobre farmacocinética dos medicamentos será útil em determinar a probabilidade de efeitos adversos no funcionamento vigília-sono. Qualquer droga com atividade no sistema nervoso central apresenta potencial para afetar o ciclo vigília-sono. O grande desafio enfrentado pelo médico é saber até que ponto um ou mais medicamentos podem estar contribuindo para a queixa de sonolência ou insônia. O atendimento a pacientes com múltiplas doenças e em uso de vários medicamentos tornou-se comum. O exercício da prática médica em medicina de sono requer um amplo conhecimento farmacológico, especialmente quando se necessita tomar decisões quanto ao esquema farmacológico já adotado por um dado paciente. In this article we describe the potential sedative or in generating insomnia by drugs used in the major chronic diseases in the population.Ĭonscious sedation, drugs, hypersomnia, sleep, sleep disorders. The pharmacokinetic drug knowledge’s will be useful in determining the likelihood of adverse effects on sleep-wake functioning. Any drug with activity in the central nervous system has the potential to affect sleep-wake cycle. The great challenge facing the physician is to what extent one or more drugs may be contributing to the complaint of sleepiness or insomnia. The care of patients with multiple diseases and using of multiple drugs has become common. Medical practice of sleep medicine requires an extensive pharmacological knowledge, especially when you need to make decisions about the drug scheme already adopted by a given patient.
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